2350.942VVanadium
Vanadium (V) — element 23transition metal · group 5, period 4
Vanadium is a chemical element with the symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a transition metal in group 5, period 4 of the periodic table (the d-block), with a standard atomic mass of 50.942 u. At room temperature (25 °C) vanadium is a solid.
💡 Known for: Strengthens steel for tools and springs, and vanadium redox flow batteries store energy for the power grid.
# Vanadium properties
| Symbol | V |
|---|---|
| Atomic number | 23 |
| Atomic mass | 50.942 u |
| Category | transition metal |
| Group | 5 |
| Period | 4 |
| Block | d-block |
| Electron configuration | [Ar] 3d³ 4s² |
| Full configuration | 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d³ 4s² |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 11, 2 |
| Protons / electrons | 23 / 23 |
| State at 25 °C | solid |
| Melting point | 2183 K (1909.8 °C, 3469.7 °F) |
| Boiling point | 3680 K (3406.8 °C, 6164.3 °F) |
| Density | 6.11 g/cm³ |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.63 |
| First ionization energy | 6.746 eV |
| Atomic radius | 171 pm |
| Discovered | 1801 |
# Electron configuration of vanadium
The electron configuration of vanadium is [Ar] 3d³ 4s², written out in full as 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d³ 4s². Its 23 electrons fill 4 shells as 2, 8, 11, 2, so the outermost shell holds 2 electrons.
# Related elements
TiTitaniumprevious elementCrChromiumnext elementNbNiobiumgroup 5TaTantalumgroup 5DbDubniumgroup 5ScScandiumtransition metalMnManganesetransition metalFeIrontransition metalCoCobalttransition metalNiNickeltransition metalCuCoppertransition metalZnZinctransition metalYYttriumtransition metal
# Vanadium FAQ
What is the atomic number of vanadium?
The atomic number of vanadium is 23: every vanadium atom has 23 protons in its nucleus. Its symbol is V.
What is the atomic mass of vanadium?
The standard atomic mass of vanadium is 50.942 u.
What is the electron configuration of vanadium?
Vanadium's electron configuration is [Ar] 3d³ 4s² (1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d³ 4s²), with 2, 8, 11, 2 electrons per shell.
Is vanadium a metal?
Yes. Vanadium is a transition metal, one of the metals.
What is the melting point of vanadium?
Vanadium melts at 2183 K (1909.8 °C, 3469.7 °F) and boils at 3680 K (3406.8 °C, 6164.3 °F).
What is vanadium used for / known for?
Strengthens steel for tools and springs, and vanadium redox flow batteries store energy for the power grid.