Tap a country for its mix, price and flows. Dots moving between countries are electricity crossing a border
Live generation mix for Austria · wind, solar, nuclear, hydro, gas & coal · carbon intensity, cross-border flows, day-ahead price · compare with every other European country below
Austria gets most of its electricity from hydropower, with wind, solar and gas making up the rest. It has never used nuclear power — the Zwentendorf plant was finished but never switched on — and closed its last coal plant in 2020.
Five steps from the first look at the map to a time-lapse of the last 24 hours.
Each country is coloured by one number: the share of renewables, the CO₂ of its electricity, the price, wind, solar, nuclear, fossil, output or imports. Pick the colour with the chips on the map (or C). Hatched countries have no recent numbers.
The dots that move between countries are electricity crossing a border. More dots and a thicker line are a bigger flow, and the colour is how carbon-heavy the sender is. The Flows tab lists the biggest ones and who sells and buys the most.
Tap a country or search for it. The Country tab shows what it is made of, its CO₂ and price, the last 24 hours and the power it trades with each neighbour. The address bar updates, so the link opens on that country.
In Time press Space. The countries change colour hour by hour and the dots follow the flows, so you can see solar rise and fade across Europe. Drag the time bar to go back; N returns to live.
Press F or the full-screen button: the map fills the screen, the screen stays awake and T slides the panel in. Save the countries or one country as csv, or Copy link to share the view.
The page is a live map of how Europe’s electricity is being made, country by country: the output of every fuel in gigawatts, the share of renewables, an estimated carbon intensity, the day-ahead price and the flows across the borders, drawn as dots that move from the country that sends to the one that receives. A time-lapse replays the last 24 hours. The figures are the official data each grid operator publishes, collected by Fraunhofer ISE’s energy-charts.info.
From Portugal to Finland, on a map you can colour by nine numbers.
Dots for the power that crosses every border, coloured by the CO₂ of the sender.
Watch solar rise and fade, and the prices and carbon follow, in under a minute.
Each country shows how old its official number is. Missing is never shown as calm.
The map fills the screen and stays awake: a live wall display in one key.
Free, no signup, no ads. Links open on a country.
It is a free, live view of how electricity is actually being generated across Europe right now. For each country you can see how many gigawatts are coming from nuclear, wind, solar, hydro, gas, coal, biomass and the rest, refreshed every few minutes, with a 24-hour history chart, cross-border flows and day-ahead prices. There is no signup and no account.
All figures come from the public API of energy-charts.info, run by Fraunhofer ISE — Europe's largest solar energy research institute. Fraunhofer ISE aggregates and cleans data published by the ENTSO-E Transparency Platform, which every European transmission system operator is legally required to feed. So the numbers ultimately come from the grid operators themselves, not from estimates or models.
Most countries publish in 15-minute steps; a few publish hourly. The official numbers arrive with a delay that is different for each country, from about an hour to five hours or more, because the operators have to validate the measurements first. While the page is open on screen it asks again every 10 minutes and keeps the last good numbers in your browser, so that it opens with numbers even when the source is slow.
It is the most recent validated number available, which is usually between one and five hours old, depending on the country. The age is shown for every country: in the list, under the map when a country is late, and in More. A country whose newest number is more than six hours old is marked late, and one that is more than fourteen hours old is left out of the averages and shown as having no recent numbers. The map and the time-lapse use the same numbers, so what you see is the grid as it was, not a forecast.
No personal data is collected. Your country selection is part of the link, so you can bookmark or share it. The page keeps its settings and the last numbers it received in your browser (the keys are pg-ui, pg-snap and jb-theme), and Clear saved data in More removes them. The only outbound requests are for the energy data itself, which go to a read-only relay on this domain that keeps the public answers for a few minutes so that the free source is not overloaded, and for the map tiles from Esri. If that relay is down, the page falls back to a public CORS relay run by a third party. There is no login, no cookie wall and no advertising network.
Generation is how much electricity power plants inside the country are producing. Load is how much electricity the country is consuming. They are rarely equal: the gap is filled by imports or exports across interconnectors. A country generating 40 GW while consuming 45 GW is importing roughly 5 GW from its neighbours.
Because there are two honest ways to measure it. Renewable share of generation asks: of everything produced here, how much was renewable? Renewable share of load asks: of everything consumed here, how much was covered by domestic renewables? A country exporting a lot of wind power will have a high generation share but a lower load share, and vice versa. Both values come straight from the data source rather than being estimated here.
A gigawatt (GW) is a rate — how fast electricity is flowing at this instant, like the speedometer in a car. A gigawatt-hour (GWh) is a quantity — how much energy flowed over time, like the odometer. This dashboard shows power in GW because it is a snapshot of right now. One gigawatt is roughly the output of a large nuclear reactor, or on average enough for roughly two to three million European homes (a typical household uses 3,000–4,000 kWh a year, about 0.4 kW on average).
Two things in the data can legitimately go negative. Hydro pumped storage consumption and battery consumption are negative because the plant is drawing power from the grid to store it rather than supplying it. Cross border electricity trading goes negative when the country is a net exporter. These series are deliberately excluded from the generation mix on this page so that percentages add up to a meaningful 100%.
Residual load is total demand minus wind and solar output. It is the part of demand that still has to be met by dispatchable plants — gas, coal, nuclear, hydro reservoirs, imports and storage. Grid operators watch it closely because it tells them how much controllable capacity they need on standby. When residual load goes very low or negative, the grid is running mostly on weather.
Pumped hydro storage is Europe's biggest battery. When power is cheap and plentiful it pumps water uphill into a reservoir; when power is scarce it lets the water run back down through turbines. It therefore appears both as generation (releasing) and as consumption (pumping). This page counts only the generating side in the mix, and treats the pumping side as demand.
Several reasons, all legitimate. National operators often include small distribution-connected plants that are not reported to ENTSO-E, they may publish at different time resolutions, and they may categorise sources slightly differently — for example counting waste-to-energy as partly renewable. The ENTSO-E data used here is standardised across Europe so countries are comparable to each other, which sometimes means it differs a little from any single national figure.
It is the catch-all category ENTSO-E uses for generation that does not fit the standard fuel types, or that an operator has chosen not to break down further. It is usually a small slice. Because its true carbon content is unknown, this page assigns it a mid-range emission factor when estimating carbon intensity.
Twenty-nine European countries: Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, Poland, the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, the Czech Republic, Portugal, Greece, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, Ireland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Luxembourg. Coverage depends on what each operator publishes, so a few small countries report fewer categories than the big ones. Belgium also has its own dedicated dashboard with live Elia data, cross-border flows and today's day-ahead price: Belgium power grid live.
Usually a temporary publication gap at the source: an operator missed a delivery window, or the transparency platform is doing maintenance. Occasionally a very small grid simply does not report a given interval. Try again in a few minutes, or pick another country — a gap in one country does not affect the others.
Since leaving the EU internal electricity market in 2021, Great Britain no longer reports to the ENTSO-E Transparency Platform; Elexon’s BMRS became its official reporting service instead. energy-charts still carries British generation data. UK cross-border flow data is patchier than for EU members, so import and export figures for Great Britain can be incomplete.
Electricity is priced per bidding zone, not per country. Most countries are a single zone, but some are split: Sweden has four (SE1–SE4), Norway five (NO1–NO5), Denmark two (DK1 and DK2) and Italy several. Where a country has multiple zones this page shows one representative zone and labels it, because there is no single national price to quote.
Luxembourg genuinely generates very little of its own electricity and imports the large majority from Germany and Belgium. Its numbers are small but correct. It is a good illustration of why generation mix and consumption mix are different questions.
Because photovoltaic panels need daylight. Across Europe solar output traces a bell curve peaking around local solar noon, rising steeply in spring and summer and shrinking to a few hours in midwinter. Watch the 24-hour chart at different times of year and the seasonal difference is dramatic — in June Germany can peak above 40 GW of solar; in December it barely reaches 10.
Wind power scales with roughly the cube of wind speed, so a modest change in weather produces a very large change in output. A single Atlantic depression tracking across Europe can take north-west European wind generation from near zero to record highs within two days. This variability is why the grid still needs dispatchable backup and interconnection.
It is the shape of residual load on a sunny day in a solar-heavy grid: high in the morning, plunging through midday as solar floods in, then ramping sharply upward in the early evening as the sun sets and people come home. Plotted over the day it looks like the profile of a duck. The steep evening ramp is one of the hardest engineering problems in modern grid operation.
Power plants are dispatched cheapest-first. Wind and solar have almost zero marginal cost so they run whenever available; nuclear and lignite come next; gas and oil are the expensive marginal plants. The last plant needed to meet demand sets the wholesale price for everyone. This is why adding renewables pushes wholesale prices down, and why gas prices tend to dominate electricity prices in hours when gas is on the margin.
Curtailment is deliberately throttling back wind or solar farms even though the wind is blowing and the sun is shining — usually because the local grid cannot carry the power to where demand is, or because supply already exceeds demand. It shows up in the data as output well below what the weather would suggest. Building more transmission and storage is how operators reduce it.
Nuclear plants have very high fixed costs and very low fuel costs, so they are most economic running flat out. Technically most modern reactors can load-follow, and France in particular does throttle its fleet to match demand, but as a rule nuclear forms a stable baseload band at the bottom of the stacked chart while wind, solar and gas move around above it.
Interconnectors are high-capacity cables linking national grids, often high-voltage direct current under the sea. They let a country with surplus cheap wind sell it to a neighbour with a shortfall, which lowers prices and reduces the amount of backup capacity everyone has to build. The cross-border panel shows the physical flow on each link — which is not always the same as the commercial trade, because electricity follows the path of least resistance.
Capacity factor is actual output divided by theoretical maximum output over a period. Typical European values are roughly 70–90% for nuclear, 20–35% for onshore wind, 35–50% for offshore wind and 10–20% for solar (about 10% in Germany, nearer 20% in Spain). It is why installed capacity figures and actual generation figures tell very different stories, and why comparing nameplate megawatts across technologies is misleading.
Each generation source is multiplied by a standard direct-emissions factor in grams of CO2 per kilowatt-hour, then divided by total generation to give a weighted average. The factors used are approximately: lignite 1050, hard coal 900, coal-derived gas 800, oil 700, gas 400, waste 350, other 300, biomass 50, and zero for nuclear, wind, solar, hydro and geothermal.
Because these are direct operating emissions — what comes out of the stack while generating. A nuclear plant emits no CO2 in operation. On a full lifecycle basis, including mining, construction and fuel processing, the IPCC puts nuclear at roughly 12 g CO2/kWh, similar to wind and below solar. Lifecycle numbers would raise every low-carbon source a little but would not change the ranking.
Not exactly, and it is worth knowing why. This page shows production-based intensity: the carbon content of electricity generated inside the country. Consumption-based figures also account for imports and exports, which can shift a heavily importing country's number substantially. Different providers also use slightly different emission factors. Treat the figure here as a well-founded estimate for comparison, not as an audited accounting number.
As a rough guide: below 100 g CO2/kWh is very clean — typically hydro- or nuclear-dominated grids like Norway, Sweden, France and Switzerland. Between 100 and 300 g is clean to moderate. Between 300 and 500 g is carbon intensive. Above 500 g means coal or lignite is doing much of the work. The European average has fallen steeply over the last decade.
Look for the hours when carbon intensity dips on the 24-hour chart. In most of Europe that means midday on sunny days when solar peaks, or windy nights when demand is low and wind output is high. Shifting flexible loads into those windows genuinely reduces emissions, and in markets with dynamic tariffs it usually saves money too.
It is contested. Burning wood releases roughly as much CO2 at the stack as coal; the low factor used here reflects the standard accounting convention that regrowing the biomass reabsorbs it. Critics point out the regrowth takes decades — the 'carbon payback period' — which matters for near-term climate targets. The 50 g figure used here is a conventional compromise, not a settled scientific verdict.
It is the day-ahead wholesale market price in euros per megawatt-hour for the relevant bidding zone, as published through the same transparency platform. This is the price large buyers pay on the spot market — it is not your retail tariff, which also includes network charges, taxes, levies and your supplier's margin.
Divide by ten to get euro cents per kilowatt-hour. So 80 EUR/MWh is 8 c/kWh at wholesale. Household retail prices in Europe are typically two to four times the wholesale price once network fees and taxes are added.
Negative prices happen when inflexible generation exceeds demand — for example a windy, sunny Sunday when nuclear and must-run plants cannot easily shut down. Producers then pay to keep feeding the grid rather than shut down and restart, which can cost more. Negative prices are a signal that the system needs more storage, more flexible demand or more interconnection.
Each stream of dots is electricity crossing a border at that moment, drawn from the country that sends to the one that receives. More dots and a thicker line mean a bigger flow, and the colour is the carbon intensity of the sender, from green (clean) to red (carbon-heavy). They are drawn on a simple curve between the middle of the two countries, not along the real lines, and only for flows above a limit that you can change in Flows. The animation shows the direction and the size, not the speed of the electricity.
The real ones. The numbers are the physical flows measured on the cross-border lines, in gigawatts, which the page converts to megawatts. They can differ from the commercial trades, because electricity follows the path of least resistance, so a trade between two countries can partly flow through a third. Each border is reported by both of its countries, and the page takes the average of the two reports.
The hourly averages of the last 24 hours, one frame per hour, for the whole map: the colour of each country and the flows between them. It uses the hours for which at least eight countries have a number. Each country publishes with its own delay, so the newest hours have fewer countries and the very last hour can look different once the rest arrive. Press Space to play, drag the time bar to go back, and press N to return to live.
Because the data source has no recent number for it, because it did not answer, or because its newest number is more than fourteen hours old. That does not mean the grid is calm or off. It means the page cannot say, so it shows a pattern instead of a colour. Countries in plain grey, such as Ukraine or Turkey, are not one of the 29 countries of the source, although a flow from or to them can still appear.
Yes. Press F or the full-screen button: the map fills the screen, the colours, the legend and the Europe numbers stay on it, and the panel slides in with T. Where the browser allows it the screen is kept awake while the page is full screen. If the browser does not support full screen, the page fills the window instead. Press Esc to leave.
The mix is the sum of the sources that report, taken as the mean of the hour. A source that reports a little later can be missing from the newest hour, and the share figures for renewables come straight from the source, so they can differ by a point or two from a sum you make yourself. The page treats a missing number as missing, never as zero.
Selecting a country updates the address bar, so you can copy the URL and it will open straight onto that country. The colour of the map and the moment of a time-lapse are part of the link as well. There are also pages of their own for the biggest countries, such as Germany, France and the United Kingdom.
Yes. The map takes the whole screen, a bar at the bottom shows what Europe or the chosen country is doing, and the panel slides up as a sheet with the same tabs. The charts are drawn for the width of the screen, and full screen works on phones that allow it.
The underlying data is published by Fraunhofer ISE under a CC BY 4.0 licence, so yes, with attribution to energy-charts.info and ENTSO-E. If you need the data programmatically, go to the energy-charts API directly rather than scraping this page — it is well documented and free.
The overview asks the source for each country separately, a few at a time and with a pause in between, so as not to overload a free public research service. The page therefore shows the copy it saved on your device at once, and the countries turn to fresh numbers as they arrive. If the source says it is busy, the page waits and tries again, and the relay of this site keeps recent answers so that the next visitor does not ask again.
Check the age stamp on the country first — if it is hours old, the upstream feed has stalled and there is nothing this page can do. Compare against energy-charts.info directly to confirm. Genuine display bugs are worth reporting; the underlying figures are passed through unmodified apart from the carbon intensity estimate and the exclusion of the consumption and share series from the generation mix.
Because the energy-charts API does not send the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header, browsers refuse to hand its responses to a page served from another domain. That is a browser security rule, not a fault in the data. So this site runs a small read-only forwarder that fetches the same public URL server-side and returns the JSON untouched. It accepts only the handful of energy-charts endpoints this page uses, keeps each answer for a few minutes so that many visitors cost the source only one request, and holds no keys. If the forwarder is down the page falls back to a public CORS relay run by a third party, which is slower.
The page is a static file and needs a network connection for the live numbers. It keeps the last numbers it received in your browser, so when you open it with no connection it shows them with their age, but it does not update until the connection is back.
The dashboard is free: no account, no API key, no paywall and no ads.